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Medical Institutions of karnataka

Most of the major hospitals of the state are attached to the Medical colleges and they are providing clinical facilities along with almost all specialist services. They function as a referral hospitals to the other institutions which come under their jurisdiction. They are having specialities like Medicine, Surgery, Obstetric, Gynaecology, ENT, Skin and VD, Pathology and Bacteriology, Radiology, Anasethesia, Dental etc., besides latest modern medical services. A brief account of some of the major hospitals of the state is as follows.

1) Bowring and Lady Curzon Hospital, Bangalore (1866) was the only Civil medical institution till 1900 in Bangalore. It had a bed strength of 104 at the beginning and at present, it has a bed strength of 686.

2) Victoria Hospital, Bangalore (1900) inaugurated by Lord Curzon is the biggest hospital in Karnataka. To begin with the accomodation was provided to 100 inpatients. It has facilities like operation theatre, laboratory, pharmacy section etc., It is a teaching hospital. It has a burns ward sponsored by the Mahabodhi Society.

3) K.R.Hospital, Mysore (1876) was a dispensary and in 1918 it was upgraded to a general hospital. Later on, it was converted into a teaching hospital attached to Mysore Medical College. It started with a bed strength of 20 and presently the bed strength has been raised to 1,070.

4) St. Marthas Hospital, Bangalore (1886) was a 40-bed hospital. Now the bed-strength is over 600. There is a school of Nursing attached to it. All types of diseases are treated here. It is equipped with modern medical and surgical facilities.

5) Father Mueller’s Charitable Institution Mangalore had its beginning in the modest Homeopathic Poor Dispensary founded by father Mueller, a German Missionary in 1880. Gradually, it is expanded into a General Hospital by 1895. Now, it is a full- fledged general hospital with all modern facilities.

6) Mary Calvert Holdsworth Memorial Hospital, Mysore (1906) is a hospital for women and children. At present it has grown to 280-bed hospital with all modern facilities.

7) Ellen Thoburn Cowen Memorial Hospital, Kolar, (1910) is a property of Methodist Church in India. It is a 210-bed hospital.

Minto Regional Institute of Opthalmology, Bangalore was founded in 1913 as the Minto Opthalmology Hospital. In 1982, it was upgraded as Minto Regional Institute of Opthalmology with a provision of 277 beds.

9) The Karnataka Health Institute, Ghataprabha, Belgaum District was founded in 1935 with a purpose of bringing modern medical facilities to the doors of neglected villages. It is a 166-bed hospital along with 55- bed maternity ward. Medical and public health services 273

10) Vanivilas Hospital, Bangalore started functioning in 1935 with 250 bed strength exclusively for women and children.

11) St. Philomena’s Hospital, Banglore was founded in 1937 is one of the well equipped hospital with 255-bed provision.

12) The Kempa Cheluvamba (K. C.) General Hospital, Bangalore was started as a maternity hospital in 1939 with a provision of 40 inpatients. Later in 1962 it was converted into a General Hospital with 313 bed strength.

13) Karnataka Medical College Hospital, Hubli, started in 1960 as a teaching College with 150 beds. At present the bed strength is 770. This hospital caters to all branches of medicine with laboratory and pharmacy facilities.

14) St. John’s Medical College Hospital, Bangalore started in 1975. It is a fully equipped modern hospital to treat all types of diseases. The present bed strength is 401.

15) Sanjay Gandhi Institute of Accident, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine is an autonomous body receiving grant from Government. It started working from April 1984. The Kasturba Medical College Hospital at Manipal and the Government Medical College Hospital at Bellary are also two notable institutions.

There are many private hospitals and Nursing homes in Bangalore. Of them Manipal Hospital, Mallya Hospital and Sri Satya Sai Institute .of Higher Medical Sciences and Super Speciality Hospital in Bangalore are prominent. Manipal, Mangalore, Hubli, Belgaum etc., have full fledged private nursing homes to treat almost all major ailments.

PORTS OF KARNATAKA

Karwar Port: Karwar port has been considered as one of the finest natural ports in the world. It was predicted that the cargo movement through this port would be around seven million tonnes during 1995-96. The main export items are iron/manganese ore, granite blocks, agricultural, forest and marine products. Now it has also been declared as customs port and as an all-weather port. The total cargo handled (both import and export) during 1999-2000 is 4,59,400 metric tonnes. During 2003-04, it handled 3,25,845 tonnes of imports and 6,26,352 tonnes of exports. Under Tenth five year plan 2002-07 a sum of Rs. 2,800 has been alloted for the improvement of Karwar Port. During

the first two years of this plan period a sum of Rs. 781.11 lakhs has been spent for its improvement and development

Belikri Port : The Port handled exports of about 60,895 metric tonnes of iron/manganese ore, during 92-93. A sum of 90 lakhs was alloted in the Eighth Plan for the development of the port. It is located about 27 km to the South of Karwar. It handled 96,960 tonnes of exports during 2003-04. Under the 10th Plan for its improvement a sum of Rs. 6.58 lakhs has been spent during 2002-04

Tadri Port: The Port lies at the mouth of Aghanashini, about 54 km north of Honavar. About 2,790 tonnes of silica sand was exported through this port during 1992-93. It reduced to only 610 metric tonnes during 1999-2000.It hadled only 815 tonnes of exports during 2003-04. During the first two years of 10th plan period a sum of Rs. 13 lakhs was spent for its development

Kundapur Port : It is located about 96 km to the north of Mangalore, at the confluence of Gangolli river. There was considerable movement of traffic through this port, prior to the development of Karwar port. About 5,538 metric tonnes of goods were exported from this port in 1992-93. About 46,445 metric tonnes of cargo was handled during 1999-2000. During the first two years of 10th Plan period, a sum of Rs. 13 lakhs was spent for its development.

Bhatkal Port: In olden times Bhatkal was an important trading centre for foreign trade. This natural port, was a major outlet on the West Coast during Vijayanagara times. Bhatkal is situated about 40 km to the south of Honavar and at the mouth of the Sharabi river. Commercial traffic through this port is very negligible. A sum of Rs. 8 lakhs has been spent for its development during the first two years of 10th plan period.

Honavar: It is situated at the mouth of the Sharavati river and second important port after Karwar. The port has been developed during the successive Five Year Plans. Total exports handled by the port were 1,609 M.tonnes, during 1992-93. A sum of Rs. 12.85 lakhs has been spent for its development during the first two years of 10th plan period.

MaIpe : The Malpe port is located at the confluence of Udyavara river and lies 64 km to the north of Mangalore and five km to the west of Udupi. About 17,700 tonnes of silica sand exports were handled by this port in 1992- 93. In 1999-2000, 17,105 metric tonnes of silica sand was exported from this port. It handled 1223 tonnes of Imports and 9650 tonnes of exports during 2003-04. A sum of Rs. 148.67 lakhs has been spent for its development during the first two years of 10th plan period.

Hangarakatta: This port lies at the mouth of the Sitanadi and at a distance of 22 km south of Kundapur. During 1992-93, only 80 metric tonnes of cargo was exported from this port. A sum of Rs. 2 lakhs has been spent during 2003-04 for its development.

Old Mangalore port: No major development took place in the development of Mangalore old port in the previous plans. The old port is located about eight km South of New Mangalore Port and controlled by the State Government. By taking into account of the Shipping needs, it was decided to develop the port at an estimated cost of about 12.5 crores, in the VII Plan, construction of wharf and dredging of inner channel were completed. Total imports and exports routed through this port in 92-93, was 58,374 metric tonnes. This port also provided sea transportation to the Lakshadweep Islands. It handled 12,025 tonnes of imports and 94,808 tonnes of Exports during 2003-04. A

sum of Rs. 455.10 lakhs has been spent for its improvement during the irst two years of the 10th plan period. For the development of the Padubidri port a sum of Rs. 99,000 has been spent during 2003-04.

New Mangalore Port: The New Mangalore Port has been developed into an all-weather major port, by the Government of India. The port was declared in 1974, as ninth major port in the country and was developed over the years. During Eighth Plan, a sum of Rs. 60 crores was alloted by the Centre. Apart from it, some more facilities are expected to be created to handle crude oil, coal, LPG etc., and the user agencies have also agreed to meet the expenditure. Now this port is being administered by New Mangalore Port Trust Board under Government of India. Besides these, steps are being taken for the improvement of Old Mangalore port. Government of India has accorded sanction for handling petroleum products through Karwar port. Container service has been introduced there to serve Northern Karnataka. The Karwar, Belikeri, Tadri, Malpe, Honnavar, Bhatkal, Hangarakatta and Old Mangalore Ports together have handled 3.12 lakh metric tonnes of exports and 2.27 lakhs metric tonnes of imports for the year 1999-

2000. During 2003-04 they went upto 8.28 lakh metric tonnes and 3.39 lakh metric tonnes respectively.

Public Conveyance: Prior to 1948, public conveyance was solely in the hands of private entrepreneurs. In earlier times, bullock, buffallo, ass and horses were the main beasts of burden. Kavadis and Bullock Carts were used to carry goods. Bullock Carts and Horse Carriages transported people. In 1911, Public Traffic Control act was implemented in Mysore and in 1920, there were already private buses serving the public. Around 1935, their number was 100. The Mysore Traffic Board started in 1936 in old Mysore area controlled the public conveyance.

After independence, when nationalisation of roads was initiated in 1948, Mysore State Road Transport Department (MSRTC) came into existence on 12th September 1948 with 20 buses. By 1949, it had 120 buses covering 81 schedules and 15,000 km road mileage. Although the nationalization of Road Transport in Hyderabad State had been initiated as early as 1936 by the Hyderabad State Road Transport Department established during 1932, its

impact was very limited, Contrary to this, in Bombay Presidency nationalisation of Road Transport was implemented in 1947, was extended even to Belgaum Division in 1949 with the name “State Transport” (ST). At the time of Unification in 1956, it received 825 buses and 778 scheduled routes from Bombay, Hyderabad and Old Mysore States. By 1957 it ranked fourth at national level with 1100 buses under its control. As per the Central Road Transport Corporation Act of 1950, this department became a Corporation in 1961 and after 1973 came to be called as Karnataka State Road Transport Corporation (KSRTC). By 1982, it ranked fifth at national level with five Regional Offices
located at Bangalore (2), Mysore, Belgaum and Gulbarga, having control over 12 divisions and 68 depots. It had 5,700 passenger buses covering 3,855 scheduled routes of 11.20 lakh km route milage per day and providing service to 20.9 lakh passengers.

In November 1985, Gulbarga, Bidar, Bijapur, Bellary, Hassan and Raichur districts nationalisation process was completed and partial nationalisation being done in the districts of Kolar, Bangalore {Rural and Urban), Mysore and Chikmagalur. By 1991, it had 6 Regional Offices, 14 divisions and 91 Depots with 7,602 scheduled routes and 8,824 buses, with an annual income of 404.82 crores. As on March 1997, the KSRTC had 19 divisions, 109 depots with 8,493 schedules, 13,273 routes of 9.491akh route km and 31.01 lakhs of daily km service to the public with a daily revenue of Rs. 350.38 lakhs. On 15th August 1997, the government divided KSRTC into KSRTC (Old Mysore-
Hyderabad area), Bangalore Metropolitan Transport Corporation(BMTC) (Bangalore City); and on 1-11-1997, the North Western Karnataka Road Transport Corporation (NWKRTC) with its headquarters at Hubli, covering Hubli, Gadag, UK, Belgaum, Bijapur and Bagalkot divisions was inaugurated. Bangalore Metropolitan Transport Corporation (BMTC) separated from KSRTC on 15-8-1997, is entrusted with the work of serving the public of Bangalore Metropolitan City with sincerity and punctuality. Prior to its separation, it
was looked after by Bangalore City Transports (North and South divisions) through 13 depots with 1839 schedules, 1991 buses and a central workshop. BMTC covers Bangalore city with 30 km radius and by March 1998 it had 2088 buses and 1934 schedules (740 city, 925 sub-urban and 269 Pushpak schedules) with 4,42,953 scheduled route km to its credit. At present it is operating 2,285 schedules with a fleet strength of 2412 buses through 17 depots, 3 major bus stations, 8 sub-bus stations and one central workshop.

Its total revenue for the year 1999-2000 was Rs. 20,425.84 lakhs and is running under profit. Recently during 2000-01, KSRTC has under gone furtherer bifurcation and as a result the North-Eastern Karnataka Road Transport Corporation(NEKRTC), a separate independent corporation for Hyderabad- Karnataka area with its head quarters at Gulbarga has come into existence. As a result, at present, KSRTC, BMTC, NWKRTC and NEKRTC are administering the transport services along with Private Agencies in the State.

The National Highways are very important highways which connect Metropolitan cities, State capitals, Ports etc. throughout the country. The length of the National Highways in 1961 was 1,269 km and in 188 A Handbook of Karnataka 1981 it was about 1,968 km. They were under the control of the Central Government previously. Since 1971, the National Highways are maintained by a separate wing of the State PWD, out of the Central funds. As in 1992- 93, there were seven National Highways traversing in the state, with a total length of 1,997 km. It was proposed to declare, another 13 roads with a length of 4,765 km as National Highways. During the last decade, 30 km of the National Highway No.4 has been widened from two lanes to four lanes. About 231 km length of the National Highway nos. 9, 13, 17 and 48 were widened,

from single lane to double. The Kozhikode-Kollegal section passing through Sultan Batheri, Gundlupet, Nanjangud, Mysore, T.Narasipur, Mugur, Uttamballi, and the road between Bangalore-Dindigal via Kanakapura, Halagur, Malavalli, Sattegal, Kollegal, Yelandur, Santhemarahalli and Chamarajanagar in the state were declared as NH-209 and NH-212 respectively on June-July 1999 and the work is in progress. The Government of India has declared the 193 km of Bijapur-Hubli road as the 13th National Highway in the State (NH-218) in October 2000. As a result, as on 2000 March, there were 13 National Highways traversing in the State totaling about 3,524 km. The second phase of Hubli-Dharwad by pass on Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT) basis has been completed and commissioned for traffic. Under the Asian Development Loan Assistance, a length of 25 km. of the NH-7 has been taken up for converting it into four lanes (from Bangalore to Tamilnadu border near Hosur). In february 2004, NH-218 has been further extended from Bijapur upto Humnabad (220 kms.) via Jevargi in Gulbarga district. As a result Gulbarga district also figures in the country map of National Highways. Likewise the road linking Gundlupet with NH-212 has also been declared as NH-67 in february 2004. As a result as on 31-03-2005, there were 14 National Highways passing through the State with a road length of 3,973 km excluding the districts of Kodagu and Raichur which are deprived of National Highways, all other districts have National Highways passing through their jurisdictions. The total road length in 1981 was 98,523 km and an account of implementation of several road schemes, it went up to 1,21,266 k m in 1992. The roads which were in charge of P.W.D. increased from 32,177 km in 1956 to 64,628 km in 1981. The quality of the roads maintained by the P.W.D.was also improved. The cement concreted/asphalted road surface which stood at 3,858 km in 1956 increased to 26,022 km in 1979 and was 36,229 during 1992. The length of cement concrete roads has decreased substantially due to its recoating with black topped surface. Unmetalled roads in the control of P.W.D. in 1956 were 2,343 km when compared to 8,935 km in 1966 and during 1992 it was 11,089 km. In addition, 11,089 km roads have been transferred from the control of P.W.D. to the Zilla Parishads (1-4-1987). The Government has retransferred 10,000 km road length from the control of Zilla Parishads to the PWD on 18th February 1992. The aim was to improve Transport and Communications 189 them at the rate of 50 km per Assembly Constituency.

Besides, they are being upgraded into major district roads. For the development of Gulbarga division (Gulbarga, Bellary, Bidar, Raichur and Koppal Districts), roads and bridges are being constructed. During 1990-91 and 1991-92, a sum of Rs. 61.60
lakhs was spent on roads and bridges. In 1990, a scheme for the improvement of roads was launched. Under this programme, a sum of rupees twelve lakhswas spent on road works in each Assembly constituency. An amount of Rs. 867.08 lakhs was spent in 1990-91 and in 1991-92 Rs. 1,694.39 Lakhs.The total road length in the State by 1998 was 1,42,687 km comprising 2,335 km National Highways, 11,037 km State Highways, 28,301 km Major District Roads, 1,644 km Other District Roads, 42,791 km Village Roads,
31,583 km TDB Roads, 9,417 km Irrigation Dept. Roads, 2,582 km Forest Dept. Roads excluding 8,366 km of Municipality Roads and 4,665 km of Grampanchayati Roads. Among them, 97,392 km were surfaced, and others were unsurfaced Roads. The average road length per one lakh population is 288 km and the average road length per sq km is 64 km. These are above the national average of 238.8 km and 61.3 km respectively. During the 8th plan (1992-97), a sum of Rs. 42,717.24 lakhs were spent on laying and improving
of 8,537 km, asphalting 3,321 km of roads and building 1,323 major and minor Bridges within the State. During the 9th plan, a sum of Rs. 953 crores has been provided for construction, improvement and maintenance of roads and bridges in the state. During the year 2000, 72 roads and 17 bridges were completed with NABARD assistance. The government has signed with the Kalyani groups of India for the construction of Bangalore-Mysore Express Highway to be executed by the Kalyani Group of Companies on its own
investment, to be maintained for 30 years, handing it over in motorable condition to the State Government after recouping the expenditure incurred along with profit by way of toll fixed in consent with the State Government at regular intervals. As on December 2004, the total road length in the State was 1,44,130 km. comprising 3,973 Km of National Highways, 17,252 Km State Highways, 30,647 Km Major District Roads, 1620 Km of Other District Roads, 48,148 Km of Village Roads and 42,490 Km of Other Roads with an average of 246 Km Road length per one lakh population and an average road length of 70 km per 100 Sq. Km area NH-4 which falls under the Golden Quadrilateral Highway Project and NH 7 which come under the North the South Corridor Project of 6 lanes, planned at National level and being executed through National Highway Authority,
(NHAI) is under progress in the State.

For providing accessibility to villages, Integrated Comprehensive Rural Communication Programme was started in 1972-73. An amount of Rs. 9.63 crore was spent in the Sixth Plan period, for constructing about 1,803 km new roads. Between 1985-86 to 1991-92, an amount of Rs.1.60 crore was incurred for constructing 77 km of roads and some other Master Plan Rural Roads (1st Phase C.D. Works). Besides this, Minimum Needs Programme was started during 1974-75 and a sum of Rs. 53.77 crores was spent for connecting 1,398 villages with all-weather approach roads from 1974-75 to 1991-92. Till the end of 1991-92, the villages linked with All-weather roads were 12,649. It constitutes 47% of the total inhabited villages in the State numbering 27,028. As many as 6,747 villages were provided with Fair Weather Roads and 7,433 with Katcha roads which accounted for 25% and 27% respectively. The rest of the 199 villages were without approach roads. The Halli Heddari scheme was started in 1984-85. Under this scheme, till the end of 1991-92, 167 villages having a population of less than 1000 were provided with all-weather roads. The expenditure incurred was Rs. 827.26 lakhs. The scheme of approach roads to colonies of the Scheduled Castes was launched in 1983-84. A sum of Rs. 37.13 crores were spent from 1983-84 to 1991-92, for constructing about 2,099 km. road length. Construction of roads under people’s participation was launched in 1986-87, to give high priority to the rural road works which have local people’s participation. The Zilla Parishads also executing this programme. During 1987-88 to 1991-92 about 113 km. village limit roads were constructed/improved and an amount of Rs. 161.53 lakhs were spent. By 2000 among the 27,066 inhabitated villages in the State, 15,800 villages have All-weather roads, 8,026 villages have Fair weather roads, and 3137 villages have Katcha roads and the remaining 103 villages were not connected by any roads as such. By 2004, almost all the villages in the State are connected by approach roads.

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The Hindus have several religious holy days, occasions of festivals and fasts throughout the year. Some of the important festivals for Hindus are:

• New Year Day or Ugadi (the first day of Chaitra month);
• Ramanavami (the birth day of Lord Rama, the ninth day of Chaitra);
• Basava Jayanthi the birth day of Basaweshwara (Akshayatritiya);
• Shankara Jayanthi the birth day of Acharya Shankara (Vaishaka Shuddha Panchami);
• Kara Hunnime (full moon day of Jyestha, a festival for peasants);
• Ashadha Ekadashi (the eleventh day of the bright half of Ashadha);
• BheemanaAmavasya (New Moon day of Ashadha);
• Nagapanchami the festival of Serpent God (on the fifth day of Shravana);
• Gokulashtami, the birth day of Lord Krishna (the eighth day of the dark fortnight of Shravana);
• Ganesh Chaturthi (fourth day of the bright half of Bhadrapada when God Ganesh is worshiped);
• Navarathri or Dasara (first ten days of Ashweeja Masa);
• Deepavali (thirteenth day of dark half of Ashvija) and the festival of light and day to worship Goddess of Wealth Lakshmi (lasts for five days);
• Bhogi and Makara Sankranthi (on the 13th and 14th January, respectively);
• Mahashivarathri 13th or the 14th day of the dark fortnight of Magha, a festival in honour of God Shiva; and
• Holi or Kamana Habba, marking the death of Kama (God of Love) on the full moon day of Phalguna, marked in places with much noise and gay abandon.

In many places, Navarathri is also celebrated as Nada Habba (State festival) on Vijayadashmi day (the victorious tenth day), the statue of Goddess Chamundeshvari is taken in a colourful procession to Bannimantapa with all pomp and pageantry, consisting of tableaux of historical episodes, infantry, mounted horses, Bharat Scouts and Girl Guides, NCC., Bharat Seva Dal etc. Rama Navami and Ganesh Chaturthi are marked by public celebrations accompanied by speeches, dance and music recitals. Kodavas have three important festivals like Koil Muhurta, Cauvery Sankramana and Huthri (harvest festival). The chief Muslim festivals are Id-ul-fitar or breaking the fast, which marks the conclusion of Ramazan; Idul-ul-Zuha or Bakrid which is held on the ninth day of the month called Zil-hajah and the Shab-e-Barat which is celebrated during the evening of the fifteenth day of the month of Shaban. Moharram is celebrated publicly in many places by honouring symbols called tabuts. The Christians observe the New Year day, Good Friday, Ascension day. Feast of St. Joseph, Easter Sunday (the Day of Resurrection), birth day of Mary, Christmas (the birth day of Christ), Thanks Giving Day, Harvest Festival and church anniversary.

The Jains celebrate most of the Hindu festivals in their own way and according to their own tradition and they give importance for fasting, praying and hearing the recitation of the religious texts. Some of the important festivals observed by them are Chaitra Pratipad (Ugadi) to commemorate the victorious
Digvijaya of Bharata, son of Teerthankara Adinatha (Vrishabhadeva); Mahavira Jayanthi (Chaitra Shukla Trayodashi); Dasara (Vijayadashami) is believed to
be the date when Adinatha attained Kevala Jnana or enlightment and the date when his son Bharata secured his disc or Chakraratna); Deepavali (celebrated as the date of Mahanirvana of Mahavira and they worship Lakshmi and Jnana Lakshmi) and Shivaratri (celebrated as Jinaratri as Adinatha is believed to have attained salvation on the dark 14th of Magha). The Sikhs observe Guru Nanak’s birth day of Karteeka Pournima and Gurudwara inauguration day at Nanak Jhira, Bidar with enthusiasm and pomp with ‘akhand pathan’ of Guru Granth Sahib. Kirtan and Satsang attract a large number of Sikhs from many places.

Jatras:

Every year, the Jatras (fairs) are held in honour of village dieties (grama devathas) generally after the harvest takes place. In Hindu temples, Muslim dargahs, Jain bastis and in other holy places of worship people celebrate annual festivals. Men,women, people of rural and urban areas take part in
these jatras with full enthusiasm without discrimination of caste, creed and religion. Itinerary merchants open their stalls to sell toys, sweets, sarees,
vessels, bangles and other items during these jatras. Cattle fairs are also held in many places during the jatras and these are the centres of large trade
and commerce. Jatras promote social and religious harmony among various sections of the society.

Density of Population of Karnataka

The number of persons for every square kilometre area is called the density of population. The density of population in the state was 235 in 1991 as against 194 in 1981 which is less than that of the country (267 in 1991 as against 230 in 1981). Among 35 states and union territories in the country Karnataka occupies the 20th position in density population in 1991 and 2001. According to 2001 census Bangalore District has registered the highest density of 2,985 persons per sq. km and the lowest of 132 persons per sq.km. in Kodagu and Uttara Kannada district. The density of population in the urban areas of Bangalore district in 1991 was 10,375 per sq km and next comes Mysore district which has a density of 5,508 per sq. km. in the urban areas. Apart from Bangalore, Dakshina Kannada, Mysore, Mandya, harwad, Bangalore Rural, Belgaum, Kolar and Davangere districts have a density of more than 300 persons per sq. km. Those with a density between 250 and 300 were Haveri, Udupi, Bidar, Hassan and Bagalkot districts; with a density etween 200 and 250 were Bidar, Chitradurga, Hassan and Tumkur. Raichur, Tumkur, Bellary, Gadag, Mysore and Mandya districts have an urban density of more than 5,000.

Sex Ratio of karnataka

The sex ratio is defined as the number of females for every 1000 males in a given area. The sex ratio of population in 2001 was 965. The rural sex ratio was 977 and that of the urban ratio was 942, as compared to the figures to that of 1991 (Rural 975, Urban 930; Total 961). The sex ratio has almost remained the same for the total population of he state with a slight decrease in the number of females whereas in the rural areas the ratio was higher and in the urban areas it was a little less during 2001. During 2001, the district-wise sex ratio was as follows: Bagalkot 980, Bangalore 908; Bangalore Rural 955; Belgaum 960; Bellary 969; Bidar 949; Bijapur 950; Chamarajanagar 971; Chikmagalur 984; Chitradurga 955; Dakshina Kannada 1022; Davanagere 952; Dharwad 949; Gadag 969; Gulbarga 966; ssan 1004; Haveri 944; Kodagu 996; Kolar 972; Koppal 983; Mandya 986; Mysore 964; Raichur 983; Shimoga 978; Tumkur 967; Udupi 1130, and Uttara Kannada 971. These figures indicate that the sex ratio in the districts of Bangalore, Bangalore Rural, Belgaum, Bidar, Bijapur, Chitradurga, Davanagere, Dharwad, Haveri and Mysore was less than the tate’s average and Udupi has a higher sex ratio than other areas.

Demography of Karnataka

According to 1991 census, Karnataka with an area of 1,91,791 sq. km. has a population of 44,977,201 with 22,951,917 males and 22,025,284 females. Karnataka State ranks 9th among the 28 States and 7 Union Territories in the Indian Union both in respect of area and population as per 2001 census. Karnataka’s population constitute 5.1% of India’s opulation. As can be seen from the trends in growth of population, there was a fall in growth and a decrease during 1911-21 due to epidemics, plague and influenza. In 30 years between 1901 and 1931 the population increased only bout a million and a half. The rate of growth of population has accelerated from 1951 onwards. The percentage growth rate of population during 1981-91 was 21.12 (Rural 17.65 and Urban 29.62) as against 26.76 during 1971-81 (Rural 19.07 and Urban 50.65). Among the districts, during 1981-91, Bangalore District has recorded the highest growth rate of 38.44 per cent and Kodagu has registered the lowest growth rate of 5.57 percent. The district-wise population of the State in 1991 and the percentage of decennial increase between 1981 and 1991 are as follows: Bangalore 8,39,162- 38.44%; Bangalore Rural 16,73,194-15.23%; Belgaum 35,83,606-20.24%; Bellary 18,90,092-26.92%; Bidar 12,55,799-26.12%; Bijapur 29,27,900-21.91%, Chikmagalur 10,17,283-10.37%; Chitradurga 21,80,443-22.67%; Dakshina 82 A Handbook of Karnataka Kannada 26,94,264-13.31%; Dharwad 35,03,150-18.93%; Gulbarga 25,82,169- 24.12%; Hassan 15,69,684-15.57%; Kodagu 4,88,455-5.75%; Kolar 22,16,889- 16.34%; Mandya 16,44,374-15.96%; Mysore 31,65,018-21.92%; Raichur 23,09,887-29.49%; Shimoga 19,09,663-15.27%; Tumkur 23,05,819-16.58% and Uttara Kannada 12,20,260-13.83%.
The District-wise population table of 27 districts of the state in 2001 is given at the end of the chapter.